The Future of Ageing in Europe - Making an Asset of Longevity
von: Alan Walker
Palgrave Macmillan, 2018
ISBN: 9789811314179
Sprache: Englisch
337 Seiten, Download: 4642 KB
Format: PDF, auch als Online-Lesen
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| Preface | 6 | ||
| Contents | 8 | ||
| List of Figures | 10 | ||
| List of Tables | 13 | ||
| 1: Introduction | 14 | ||
| MOPACT | 15 | ||
| Centrality of Active Ageing | 18 | ||
| Social Innovation | 21 | ||
| Ageing Europe | 23 | ||
| The Active Ageing Index | 26 | ||
| Introducing the Book | 29 | ||
| Conclusion | 39 | ||
| References | 39 | ||
| 2: Strategies of Active Ageing in Europe | 42 | ||
| Introduction | 42 | ||
| Policy-Relevant Knowledge Synthesised from MOPACT | 45 | ||
| Challenges Ahead | 45 | ||
| Old and Living Alone | 45 | ||
| Healthy Life Expectancy | 46 | ||
| Long-Term Care | 46 | ||
| Active Citizenship and Political Participation | 47 | ||
| Tapping the Silver Economy | 47 | ||
| Unleashing Social Innovation | 47 | ||
| Key Policy-Relevant Findings from MOPACT | 48 | ||
| Active Ageing Rising Across EU Member States | 48 | ||
| Greater Challenges for Central European Countries | 48 | ||
| Greater Risks of Social Exclusion in Older Age | 49 | ||
| Ageing Is Not Inevitably Linked to Chronic Diseases | 49 | ||
| EU Institutions Playing an Important Role but More Is Required | 50 | ||
| Five Prerequisites for Realising Active Ageing in Europe | 50 | ||
| Major Policy Priorities and Instruments | 51 | ||
| Goal 1: Ensuring Economic and Social Sustainability | 51 | ||
| Goal 2: Promoting Health and Well-Being in Later Life | 51 | ||
| Goal 3: Provision of Adequate Person-Centred Long-Term Care | 52 | ||
| Goal 4: Adopt Modern Technologies for Efficiency and Effectiveness | 52 | ||
| Goal 5: Engagement of Older Persons in Social, Cultural, and Civic Activities | 52 | ||
| Strategies for Clusters of EU Countries | 53 | ||
| Low-Scoring Countries | 53 | ||
| Middle-Scoring Countries | 57 | ||
| High-Scoring Countries | 60 | ||
| Conclusions | 62 | ||
| References | 63 | ||
| 3: Achieving Economic Sustainability in Ageing Societies | 66 | ||
| Introduction | 66 | ||
| A Snapshot of Demographic Trends and Economic Effects of Population Ageing | 68 | ||
| Recent Trends in Demographics | 68 | ||
| The Main Economic Effects of Population Ageing | 69 | ||
| Population Ageing, Economic Growth and Secular Stagnation | 72 | ||
| New Results on Demographics and Economics of Population Ageing | 73 | ||
| Traditional Measures of Population Ageing Are Problematic | 73 | ||
| Number of Older People Living Alone Grows Strongly | 75 | ||
| Reducing Fiscal Costs of Population Ageing | 78 | ||
| Fiscal Sustainability and Redistribution | 83 | ||
| Policy Conclusions | 85 | ||
| References | 87 | ||
| 4: Effective and Sustainable Private Pensions | 91 | ||
| Introduction | 91 | ||
| The Key Challenges | 93 | ||
| Optimal Contribution, Drawdown, Investment, and Insurance | 95 | ||
| Introduction: Unbundling | 95 | ||
| Savings and Investment Decisions in the Accumulation Phase | 97 | ||
| Dissaving, Investment, and Insurance Decisions in the Decumulation Phase | 99 | ||
| Dissaving, Investment, and Insurance Decisions in the Decumulation Phase in Case of Habit Formation | 102 | ||
| Dissaving, Investment, and Insurance Decisions in the Decumulation Phase in Case of Income Guarantees | 104 | ||
| Individual Pension Decision-Making | 106 | ||
| Financial Literacy and Pension Literacy | 106 | ||
| Financial Literacy | 106 | ||
| Pension Literacy | 108 | ||
| Choice Architecture | 109 | ||
| Implications for Policy and Practice | 111 | ||
| Further Research Priorities | 114 | ||
| Conclusions | 115 | ||
| References | 116 | ||
| 5: Extending Working Lives | 119 | ||
| Introduction | 119 | ||
| The Key Challenges | 120 | ||
| Research Activities and Objectives | 121 | ||
| The National Policy Level and Recommendations for an Action Plan | 123 | ||
| Adapting National Retirement Policies | 123 | ||
| Raising Legal Retirement Ages in Combination with Financial Incentives/Disincentives | 123 | ||
| Closing/Complicating Early Exit Pathways/Retirement Schemes | 123 | ||
| Deepening Social Inequalities | 125 | ||
| Lessons To Be Learnt | 125 | ||
| Partial Retirement/Partial Pension Schemes | 126 | ||
| Lessons To Be Learnt | 127 | ||
| Work Beyond Legal Retirement Age (Silver Work) | 127 | ||
| Lessons To Be Learnt | 128 | ||
| Promotion of Self-Employment | 129 | ||
| Employment Protection Against Dismissal | 130 | ||
| Anti-age Discrimination Legislation | 131 | ||
| Wage Subsidies | 131 | ||
| Active Labour Market Policies for the Older Unemployed | 132 | ||
| Health Protection, Promotion, and Prevention of Disability | 133 | ||
| Occupational Health Policies | 133 | ||
| Disability and Rehabilitation Policies | 134 | ||
| Lessons To Be Learnt | 135 | ||
| Work-Life Balance and Life-Course-Oriented Policies | 136 | ||
| Life-Course Orientation in Employment Policies—To Make Working Life More Flexible | 136 | ||
| The Case of Reconciling Work and Care | 137 | ||
| Informal Work/Social Volunteering in Combination with Paid Work | 137 | ||
| Lessons To Be Learnt | 138 | ||
| Awareness, Information, and Counselling Policies | 138 | ||
| Country-Targeting National/Public Programmes | 138 | ||
| Company-Targeting National Strategies | 139 | ||
| Lessons To Be Learnt | 139 | ||
| The Meso/Company Level | 140 | ||
| Different Understanding of Social Innovation | 140 | ||
| Spheres of Activities | 140 | ||
| Drivers of and Barriers Against Extending Working Lives of Older Staff Members | 141 | ||
| Conclusions and Overall Lessons To Be Learnt | 143 | ||
| Lifelong (Vocational) Learning | 145 | ||
| State of the Art | 145 | ||
| Lessons To Be Learnt | 147 | ||
| Final Conclusions | 148 | ||
| References | 150 | ||
| 6: Healthy Life Years and Social Engagement | 155 | ||
| Introduction | 155 | ||
| Changing Demographics | 156 | ||
| Social Engagement | 157 | ||
| The Disablement Process | 157 | ||
| Approach | 158 | ||
| Phase 1: Trends in Healthy Life Expectancy | 159 | ||
| Life Expectancy With and Without Activity Limitations from 50, 65 and 85 Years of Age | 159 | ||
| The Prevalence of Long-Term Severe Activity Limitations by Five-Year Age Category | 162 | ||
| Conclusions on Healthy Life Expectancy | 165 | ||
| Phase 2: Determinants of Social Involvement in Older People with Poor Health | 167 | ||
| Determinants of Social Participation in Older People With and Without Multimorbidity | 168 | ||
| Conclusions on Determinants of Social Participation | 172 | ||
| Phase 3: Fostering Social Engagement on the Meso-Level | 172 | ||
| Phase 4: Fostering Social Engagement on the Macro-Level | 177 | ||
| Phase 5: Projections of Healthy Life Expectancy | 181 | ||
| Implications | 183 | ||
| Research Priorities | 184 | ||
| References | 185 | ||
| 7: Improving Health in Later Life: How a Life Course Approach Could Improve Health and Well-Being in Old Age | 189 | ||
| Introduction | 189 | ||
| The Key Challenges | 191 | ||
| State-of-the-Art Biogerontology from Womb to Tomb | 191 | ||
| Foetal Life | 192 | ||
| Infancy and Childhood | 194 | ||
| Adolescence | 195 | ||
| Adulthood | 196 | ||
| Lifestyle Anti-ageing Interventions | 197 | ||
| Dietary Interventions | 197 | ||
| Physical Activity | 200 | ||
| Vaccination | 201 | ||
| Pharmacological Anti-ageing Interventions in Development | 202 | ||
| Popular Anti-ageing Interventions with Questionable Evidence | 205 | ||
| Elderly: What Can Still Be Done | 207 | ||
| Major New Findings Within Mopact | 209 | ||
| Prevention | 209 | ||
| Intervention | 210 | ||
| Translation | 210 | ||
| Implications for Policy and Practice | 211 | ||
| Further Research Priorities | 213 | ||
| Conclusion | 214 | ||
| References | 214 | ||
| 8: Technology for All | 228 | ||
| Introduction | 228 | ||
| The Key Challenge: ICTs, Age-Friendly Housing, and Mobility for All? | 231 | ||
| ICT | 231 | ||
| Housing | 236 | ||
| Mobility | 237 | ||
| The Deployment Gap | 243 | ||
| ICTs for Active Ageing as a Push Factor for the ‘Silver Economy’ | 243 | ||
| Overcoming the Deployment Gap | 244 | ||
| Implications for Policy and Practice | 253 | ||
| Further Research Priorities | 257 | ||
| Conclusions | 258 | ||
| References | 261 | ||
| 9: Social Support and Long-Term Care for Older People: The Potential for Social Innovation and Active Ageing | 265 | ||
| Introduction | 265 | ||
| The Key Challenges with Regard to LTC in Europe | 267 | ||
| Socio-Demographic Developments and Their Consequences for LTC | 267 | ||
| The Heterogeneity of LTC Systems in Europe: The Role of Care-Regimes | 269 | ||
| The Concepts of Social Innovation and Active Ageing in Relation to LTC | 272 | ||
| Social Innovation | 272 | ||
| Active Ageing | 273 | ||
| Potential for Active Ageing through Social Innovation in LTC and Social Support | 275 | ||
| Drivers and Barriers of Social Innovation in LTC | 275 | ||
| Areas with the Greatest Potential and Need for Social Innovation in LTC | 279 | ||
| Establishing and Expanding LTC as a System | 279 | ||
| Shifting LTC Systems Towards Community-Based Care | 280 | ||
| Facilitating the Integration and Coordination of LTC Systems | 282 | ||
| Creating and Improving Employment in LTC | 285 | ||
| Conclusion | 288 | ||
| References | 291 | ||
| 10: Promoting the Political Inclusion and Participation of Older People: Social, Psychological and Institutional Perspectives | 297 | ||
| Introduction | 298 | ||
| The Political Participation of Older People in Europe: Towards a More Comprehensive Framework of Analysis | 299 | ||
| The Political Participation of Older People from a Life-Course Perspective | 300 | ||
| The Importance of Social Representations | 302 | ||
| From Supply to Demand: Participatory Approaches for the Involvement of Older People in Policy-Making | 303 | ||
| Promoting the Political Inclusion and Participation of Older People: New Insights | 305 | ||
| Political Participation Tends to Remain Stable over the Life Course, with Some Crucial Exceptions | 305 | ||
| Cross-National Variations Matter | 307 | ||
| Prescriptive Norms About the Role of Older People in Society Impact on Ageing Stereotypes and Behaviours Towards Older People | 308 | ||
| Print Media Plays an Important Role in the (Re)production of Prescriptive Norms About the Role of Older People in Society | 309 | ||
| Policy Makers Tend to Favour a More Consultative Approach When Involving Older People in Policy-Making | 310 | ||
| Guidelines for Enhancing the Participation of Older People in Policy-Making | 310 | ||
| Conclusion | 312 | ||
| References | 315 | ||
| 11: Conclusion: Realising Active Ageing | 318 | ||
| Introduction | 318 | ||
| Key Findings | 319 | ||
| Strategies of Active Ageing in Europe | 319 | ||
| Economic Sustainability | 320 | ||
| Improving Private Pensions and Retirement Planning | 321 | ||
| Extending Working Lives | 321 | ||
| Participation, Health, and Well-Being | 323 | ||
| Staying Healthy in Old Age | 324 | ||
| Built and Technological Environments | 324 | ||
| Long-Term Care | 326 | ||
| Political Inclusion and Participation | 327 | ||
| Major Policy Priorities | 328 | ||
| Goal 1: Ensuring Economic and Social Sustainability | 328 | ||
| Goal 2: Promoting Health and Well-Being in Later Life | 329 | ||
| Goal 3: Provision of Adequate Person-Centred Care | 329 | ||
| Goal 4: Adoption of Modern Technologies | 329 | ||
| Goal 5: Increased Engagement of Older People in Social, Cultural and Civic Activities | 330 | ||
| Re-focusing Active Ageing Policy | 330 | ||
| Active Ageing in Europe | 330 | ||
| The Promise of Active Ageing | 332 | ||
| Realising the Promise | 334 | ||
| References | 336 |